Stand-by batteries

The ionic conductivity of most solid polymer electrolytes is significantly lower than that of the liquid electrolytes. Cells must he designed with thin electrodes and cell components to minimize the internal cell resistance. The total thickness of a cell assembly is as low as 200 fim or thinner. An alternative is to operate at higher temperatures where the conductivity is higher. While this may he acceptahle for electric-vehicle and stand-by batteries, it will not be acceptable for many portable consumer applications. Newer polymer electrolytes are being developed using plasticizers or gel-type polymers. These methods increase the conductivity of the polymers, but since they contain organic solvents, they will be more reactive with the lithium anode. 

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