Sugar stability

Stability Sugar side chains can potentially stabilize a glycoprotein in a number of ways, including enhancing its solubility, shielding hydrophobic patches on its surface, protection from proteolysis and by direct participation in intrachain stabilizing interactions... 

Brazil s Alcohol Program. In Brazil, the enactment of legislation in 1931 made ethanol addition to gasoline compulsory at a level of 5% (86). Excess molasses and sugar were converted to alcohol in distilleries attached to sugar mills as a means to stabilize sugar prices. Production of fuel ethanol in the 1990s is mosdy from biomass. 

Jarosz, S, Salanski, P, Mach, M, Application of stabilized sugar-derived phosphoranes in the synthesis of higher carbon monosaccharides. First synthesis of a C-21-dialdose, Tetrahedron, 54, 2583-2594, 1998. 

Figure 3. Stability of OPH/Fabric, Assays were performed using paraoxon as substrate and as described in the text (A) Stability of immobilized and soluble OPH at 4° C. (A) RL immobilized OPH (flp WT immobilized OPH (9) Soluble WT OPH, (B) Stability of WT OPH/fabric at room temperature in the presence of stabilizing sugars. Preparations were performed as described in the text. (T) trehalose ( ) cellubiose (V) sorbitol ( ) no additive (O) mannitol.

Harrison, P. A. Stabilized sugar-containing composition adapted to flavor or color dairy products. N.Z. Patent NZ 521401, 2005 Ghent. Abstr. 2005, 143, 152353. 

There are a number of possible ways to stabilize sugars the most interesting one is to attach the sugar to a purine or pyrimidine, i.e., by converting the carbohydrate to a glycoside, but the synthesis of nucleosides is difficult under plausible prebiotic conditions. It has therefore been suggested that ribonucleotides could not have been the first components of prebiotic informational macromolecules (59). This has led to propositions of a number of possible substitutes for ribose in nucleic acid analogues, in what has been dubbed the "pie-RNA World" (60). 

FIGURE 10.16 Synthesis of higher sugar enones hy reaction of sngar aldehydes with stabilized sugar ylids or sugar phosphonates. 

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