Square wave pulse voltammetry background currents

If the concentrations of the redox compounds in the solution or at the electrode surface are low, and better sensitivities are needed than those optimal for LSV and SCV, differential pulse (DPV), normal pulse (NPV) and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetries (OSWV) are more suitable [9a, 9b]. They allow better elimination of the capacitive/background currents and, therefore, the measurement of smaller faradic signals becomes easier. This is achieved either by sampling the current at the end of each pulse (OSWV, NPV) (Fig. 10.5.IE and F) or twice at the end and before pulse application (DPV) (Fig. 10.5.ID). 

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