Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry

One aspect that reflects the electronic configuration of fullerenes relates to the electrochemically induced reduction and oxidation processes in solution. In good agreement with the tlireefold degenerate LUMO, the redox chemistry of [60]fullerene, investigated primarily with cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry, unravels six reversible, one-electron reduction steps with potentials that are equally separated from each other. The separation between any two successive reduction steps is -450 50 mV. The low reduction potential (only -0.44 V versus SCE) of the process, that corresponds to the generation of the rt-radical anion 131,109,110,111 and 1121, deserves special attention. 

Figure 41 Potential-time perturbation in Osteryoung Square Wave Voltammetry...

In this solvent, using CV and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (OSWV) under high vacuum conditions at room temperature, Cgo displays a one-electron, chemically reversible oxidation wave at +1.26 V vs. Fc/Fc+. TBAPFe was used as the supporting electrolyte. Under the same conditions, the first one-electron oxidation of C70 occurs at +1.20 V, 60 mV more negative (easier to oxidize) than that of Cgo- Both oxidations are electrochemically quasireversible with A pp = 80 mV. In addition, a second oxidation wave is observed for C70 close to the limit of the solvent potential window at+1.75 V. However, this wave appears to be chemically irreversible (see Fig. 3) [36]. 

CAImHPFJ Multiwalled carbon nanotube Carbon microfiber N/A Dopamine 18 X 10- to 180 X 10-6 NR Osteryoung square wave voltammetry 36 S) S)... 

Figure 8.1 Cyclic voltammetry (a) and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (b) of Cgo (acetonitrile/toluene + 0.1 M ( -Bu)4NPF6), using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) working and ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc +) couple as an internal reference. Reprinted with Permission from Ref. 4. Copyright 1992 American Chemical Society.

A. Golcu, S.A. Ozkan, Electroanalytical determination of donepezil HC1 in tablets and human serum by differential pulse and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode, Pharmazie 61 (2006) 760-765. 

Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry — The protocol of square-wave voltammetry developed by - Osteryoung is based on a square-wave potential train with a frequency that for each forward potential pulse the DC electrode is stepped in the same direction by one increment, i.e., one step of the DC staircase ramp. 

Figure 9.1 Formal potentials of oligo(l,l -dihexylferrocenylene)s, 1, obtained by Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (o), those calculated from the first neighboring site interaction energies ( ) with ii = 15 kJ mol-1 and u2 = 4.5 kJ mol-1, and those calculated from both the first and second neighboring site interaction energies (O)withn = 15 kJmol-1, u2 = 4.5kJmol 1, and w0Xr = -3.8kJmol 1.

If the concentrations of the redox compounds in the solution or at the electrode surface are low, and better sensitivities are needed than those optimal for LSV and SCV, differential pulse (DPV), normal pulse (NPV) and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetries (OSWV) are more suitable [9a, 9b]. They allow better elimination of the capacitive/background currents and, therefore, the measurement of smaller faradic signals becomes easier. This is achieved either by sampling the current at the end of each pulse (OSWV, NPV) (Fig. 10.5.IE and F) or twice at the end and before pulse application (DPV) (Fig. 10.5.ID). 

One of us had previously report Ae Osteryoung Square Wave Voltammetry (OSWV) of an isomer mixture of C78 [23]. At that time we observed what appeared to be two sets of two oxidation peaks eadi, one set being approximately four times as intense... 

Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry of the Ag20/Ag electrodes was accomplished as follows The polished electrode was placed into a cell containing the GO/glucose solution and stirred for 10 minutes. The electrode was then removed, rinsed briefly in electrolyte solution and placed into an electrochemical cell containing 10 mLs 1.0 M NaOH. The voltammetry was performed immediately following connection of the cell to the instrument. 

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