Square-planar complexes, effect energy levels

Fio. 26. Energy level diagram of 3cP configuration (Cu" " ) in square planar complex or tetragonal crystal field (CF). Effect of bonding of the 3d-electrons with ligands is shown. 

Fig. 1 Simple ligand field-splitting diagram for metal d orbitals in a square planar complex. By convention, the z axis is perpendicular to the plane of the complex and the M - L bonds lie along the x and y axes. Note that the exact ordering of the lower energy levels depends on the ligand set (e.g., relative importance of a- and 7r-effects) but the dX2-y2 is always unequivocally the highest...

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