Spray pyrolysis evaporation rate

Zinc acetate, Zn(ac)2, was often used for CVD [66, 213, 220, 221] and particularly as a source in spray pyrolysis [222-234]. Kobayashi et al. [66] measured the temperature dependent evaporation rate in the range of 120-180 °C. Their data yield an enthalpy of evaporation for this complex of 86 16 kJ/mol. A very careful study of the deposition on ZnO on copper with Zn(ac)2 by Mar and coworkers [235] showed that temperatures higher than 350 °C are necessary to obtain a complete transformation to ZnO. Furthermore, they suggest that the deposition process in their system does not occur via island growth. 

The droplet size reduction occurs through different stages of spray pyrolysis process evaporation of the solvent from the surface of the droplet, diffusion of the solvent vapor away from the droplet in the gas phase, diffusion of solute toward the center of the droplet, shrinkage of the droplet, and change in droplet temperature and drying process, preferentially. The characteristic value for estimation of evaporation time needed for solvent evaporation and droplet precipitation is the evaporation rate given by [28,62] ... 

The initial parameter in the preparation of a film with certain desired characteristics, using the technique of spray pyrolysis, is the definition of the precursor solution to be used. This solution should provide the ions, needed to form the desired film, and should contain a solvent, with adequate evaporation rate and stability in the process conditions. 

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