Spray driers costs

Spray-drying costs are always a factor in determining the economics of an encapsulated product. Drying costs are related to the amount of water that must be removed in the spray-drying process. It is therefore advantageous to enter the drier at the highest possible solids that still gives... 

Although many types of continuous driers are available, the scale of the operation for which they are designed is rarely appropriate to pharmaceutical manufacture. As with most continuous operations, the cost is disproportionately high for small units. Spray and drum driers provide an exception, because residence times in the driers are short and thermal degradation is minimized. Under some conditions, freeze drying may be the only practicable alternative. 

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