Spores germination/outgrowth

Fig. 1.11 Spore germination, outgrowth and division ofthe outgrown cells.

Russell AD, Jones BD, Milbum P. Reversal of the inhibition of bacterial spore germination and outgrowth by antibacterial agents. Int Pharm 1985 25 105-112. 

Considerable evidence has been obtained indicating that gramicidin S (GS) is an inhibitor of the phase of spore germination known as outgrowth in B. brevis [ 196,197,199,224,225]. The cumulative observations are as follows ... 

In nature, spores canrevertto the vegetative form by a process called either germination or germination and outgrowth. The process of germination may be triggered by specific... 

Other bacteriocins are known, including subtilin [123]. This also inhibits outgrowth and enhances heat processes against some types of spores [124], Its mechanism of action and the basis for differing responses of spores, and of germinating and outgrowing spores, remain speculative. 

During germination and/or outgrowth, spores become sensitive to biocidal agents [140-143], Some inhibitors (e.g. phenolics and parabens) prevent... 

Huang, C.M., Foster, K.W., DeSilva, T.S., Van Kampen, K.R., Elmets, C.A., Tang, D.C. (2004). Identification of Bacillus anthracis proteins associated with germination and early outgrowth by proteomic profiling of anthrax spores. Proteo-mics 4 2653-61. 

Stinger, S.C., Webb, M.D., George, S.M., Pin, C., and Peck, M.W. 2005. Heterogeneity of times required for germination and outgrowth from single spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 4998-5003. 

Moiris SL, Levin RA, Wri t-Wilson C, Hansen JN. Effect of S-nitrosothiol structure on inhibition of germination and outgrowth of Bacdlus cereus spores. Chambliss G, Vary JC, cds. Spores VII. Washington, D.C. American Society for Microbiology. 1978 85-89. 

Relatively few antibacterial agents are actively sporicidal [108-110]. Many agents may be inhibitory to germination or outgrowth of bacterial spores, yet not necessarily kill them [108]. Actively sporicidal agents include the aldehydes [111], although it must be noted that much higher concentrations are required than for bactericidal activity [49]. 

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