Sponges, macrocyclic lactones

Swinholide A (34), a potent cytotoxic macrolide, was first isolated from the Red Sea sponge Theonella swinhoei in 1985 and its structure was first proposed as a monomeric 22-membered macrocyclic lactone [71]. In 1990, swinholide A... 

The bryostatins, macrocyclic antineoplastic lactones, have been isolated from another common marine bryozoan, Bugula neritina (154). All 15 bryostatins known so far represent variations over the bryopyran skeleton. Different collections exhibited large variations, quantitative as well as qualitative, in bryostatin content. Bryostatin 4-7 without trace of 1-3 were obtained from some northeastern Gulf of Mexico collections. Some eastern Pacific collections had barely detectable amounts of bryostatin 4-7. Bryostatins have been found in other organisms as well, however in each case association with B. neritina was demonstrated. The marine bryozoan Amathia con-voluta contained bryostatin 4-6 and 8, while the marine sponge Lissodendoryx iso-... 

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