Spinning atomization

Bonds may also be broken symmetrically such that each atom retains one electron of the pair that formed the covalent bond. This odd electron is not paired like all the other electrons of the atom, i.e. it does not have a partner of opposite spin. Atoms possessing odd unpaired electrons are termed free radicals and are indicated by a dot alongside the atomic or molecular structure. The chlorination of methane (see later) to produce methyl chloride (CH3CI) is a typical free-radical reaction ... 

Laser Spin Atomization -100 Ni-Al-Mo, Ti-6A1-4V 105 — — Spherical, homogeneo us, clem particles Low volume productivity, Poor EE, Cost... 

The Laser-spin-atomized droplets are usually spherical, clean, and homogeneous in composition. A mass median diameter of 100 pm has been obtained for a Ni-Al-Mo alloy. Cooling rates are estimated to be in the order of magnitude of 105 °C/s. Similarly to other centrifugal atomization techniques, droplet properties (shape, size, cooling rate, etc.) are dependent on the rotation speed, ingot diameter, superheat, and material properties. 

Nuclei of atoms with odd numbered masses or with even masses but odd atomic numbers possess a nuclear spin. Atoms with even masses and even atomic numbers do not have nuclear spins. These spinning nuclei behave as tiny magnets. 

A complex dynamical behavior was experimentally and numerically found in a system of spin- atoms in an optical resonator with near-resonant cw laser light and external static magnetic field [69]. Three-dimensional Bloch equations were solved, and a chaotic motions was found and compared with experiment. 

The orbital basis set for oxygen [33] is 9s/5p contracted to As/2p according to a same-orbitals-for-different-spins atomic calculation using the appropriate... 

Electrons in the same orbital with different ms values are said to be paired. Electrons with the same ms value have parallel spin. Atoms, molecules and solids with unpaired electrons are attracted... 

The system considered in this paper is, again in the words of Bohm [3], a molecule containing two atoms in a state in which the total spin is zero and the spin of each atom is but the restriction to a singlet state and to spin- atoms has now been removed. The molecule is dissociated by separating the nuclei to a large distance and the course of the reaction AB -t A -I- B is followed using standard quantum mechanics. In the general case, the wavefunction 1 for AB is taken to be a spin-coupled antisymmetrized product of two factors which axe exact ... 

The large II, indicates a product of terms for each different type of atom i that couples to the atom being observed. These atoms must have spin > atoms of spin = 0 do not cause splitting. In the present case (—CHD2) there are two terms, one for hydrogen and one for deuterium. 

The direction of the magnetic moment against the quantization axis is characterized by the magnetic quantum number m p where F is the quantum number of the total angular momentum (including nuclear spin). Atoms can be trapped around the potential minimum if their magnetic moment fi is parallel to B, because the... 

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