Spinhaler

Spinhaler Fisons (now Aventis) Unit dose hard gelatin eapule Yes... 

Powder container. Dry powder inhalers may contain the dry powder formulation in many different forms. The first DPI, the Spinhaler contained single doses in capsules. Other systems, like the Diskus or Diskhaler may contain the metered dose in blisters, whereas systems like the Turbohaler , or Novolizer , have multi-dose containers. 

For nebulizers and MDIs, the external resistance (Re) is quite low. Different approaches have been made to describe the external airflow resistance of DPIs. Olsson and Asking [99] derived an empirical relationship between flow rate () and pressure drop (AR), AR = for a number of inhalers (such as Rotahaler , Spinhaler and Turbuhaler ) in which they define the proportionality coefficient (C) as the airflow resistance. This relationship differs only slightly from the general (theoretical) equation for orifice types of flow constrictions ... 

Explain to the patient howto use a Spinhaler if he or she is to receive cromolyn by nebulization or inhalation capsules... 

Spinhaler Fision/ Aventis Passive None Capsule Single-dose 1... 

Spinhaler uses two perforating pins to puncture the capsule body for opening. To feed the capsule, the patient has to unscrew the device body and push the capsule into a cup that is connected with a vertical spindle holding a propeller. After closing, the capsule is pierced by sliding the outer sleeve down and back again. When the patient tilts his or her... 

Figure 8.5 Capsule-based single-dose dry-powder inhalers Spinhaler and Rotahaler. [From Ganderton and Kassem (1992). Reproduced with permission from Elsevier ]...

Early dry powder inhaler devices were all unit-dose systems and depended on loading and triggering procedures. The Spinhaler and Rotahaler are two early examples of DPI technology. Both utilize premetered doses packed into hard gelatin capsules although different mechanisms of powder delivery are employed ... 

The Spinhaler contains pins for perforating the capsule, the cap of which fits into an impeller which rotates as the patient inhales through the device. Particles are thus dispersed into the airstream. 

Dry powder inhalers. The drug is formulated as a micronised powder and placed in a device, e.g. a spinhaler or diskhaler, from which it is inhaled. Patients can often use these when they fail with metered dose aerosols. Inhalation of powder occasionally causes transient bronchoconstriction. 

Dmgs administered by inhalation are mostly intended to have a direct effect on the lungs. However, the efficiency of inhalation therapy is often not high because of the difficulty in targeting particles to the sites of maximal absorption. Only about 8% of the inhaled dose of sodium cromoglicate administered from a Spinhaler device (see section 9.9.2) reaches the alveoli. ... 

When used by patients, the Spinhaler delivers about 25% by weight of sodium cro-moglicate, which is normally dispersed as particles below 6 m in diameter, about 5% being less than 2 m diameter. The mass medium diameter (and geometric standard deviation) of the sodium cromoglicate particle batches used were, respectively, 2 f.2 and f f.7 f.f m. There is no doubt that the biological effect of the small particle material is... 

Figure 13 shows the Spinhaler (Fisons), Rotahaler (GSK), and Diskhaler (GSK), and Fig. 14 shows a Turbuhaler (Astra-Zeneca) and Discus (GSK). While... 

Figure 12 Schematic diagram of a Spinhaler (Fisons) dry powder generator. (With permission of Drug Topics.)...

Fisons introduced the first DPI with the capsule-based Spinhaler . This was followed by a number of other capsule devices and then by unit dose blisters and multidose systems. DPIs are very diverse in their design and operation, since each product manufacturer has developed their own proprietary devices for their own drugs. 

Figure 10.5 Device categories (clockwise from left) single-capsule, Spinhaler (Aventis), multi-dose reservoir, Pulmicort (AstraZeneca), multi-dose reservoir, Asmasal Clickhaler (Medeva), and multi-dose pre-metered, Flixotide Accuhaler (GlaxoWellcome).

Typical Class I devices include powder delivery systems to the lungs such as the Spinhaler, Rotahaler, Diskhaler, spacers which are used in conjunction with a drug and are part of a drug submission. Typical Class Ha devices include power operated nebuliser systems which are usually sold separate to the drug. 

Metered-dose inhaler (100 tg/puff) Spinhaler, powder (20 mg/capsule) Metered-dose inhaler (800 tg/puff) Nebulized solution (10 mg/ml)... 

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