Sphingosine structure

Sphingomyelin, 1066-1067 Sphingosine, structure of, 1067 Spin density surface, allylic radical, 342... 

De Jonge, S., Van Overmeire, 1., Poulton, S., Hendrix, J., Busson, R., Van Calenbergh, S., De Keukeleire, D., Spiegel, S. Herdewijn, P., 1999, Structure-activity relationship of short-chain sphingoid bases as inhibitors of sphingosine kinase, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9 3175-3180. 

More complex structures, often related to natural products are prepared by organic synthesis. Among them can be mentioned (f )-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (the double-tail hydrophobic moiety of lipid A), sphingosine derivatives related to the ceramides or 1,2- and l,3-dialkyl(acyl)glycerols related to glyco-glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and GPI anchors of membrane proteins. The preparations of the above derivatives were reported several years ago but some improvements have been published more recently. 

Measurements of the quantities of glycolipids inserted into the membrane have also been reported by a technique based on the use of C-labeled lipid anchors. In this method, the carbohydrate (a-o-Man) was covalently coupled to the anchor at the surface of a pre-formed vesicle. Indeed, the liposome structure was shown to remain intact in the treatment. Nevertheless, the measurement of the incorporated mannose was performed after separation of bound and unbound material by centrifugation. The yields of coupling were shown to increase with the increase of the initial mannose/ C-anchor ratio, but non covalent insertions were displayed at high initial mannose concentrations. Therefore, the aforementioned method was not as accurate as could have been expected for the use of radioactive materials [142]. Radiolabeled phospholipids were also used for such determinations thus the amounts of glycosphingolipids incorporated into liposomes were quantified by the use of H-phospholipids whereas the amounts of glycolipids were determined by a sphingosine assay [143]. 

Carbons C-l, C-2, and C-3 of the sphingosine molecule are structurally analogous to the three carbons of... 

There are two classes of phospholipids those that have glycerol as a backbone and those that contain sphingosine. Both classes are found as structural components of membranes, and both play a role in the generation of lipid-signaling molecules. 

Phospholipids General structure of a phospholipid PHOSPHOLIPIDS (p. 199) Phospholipids are polar, ionic compounds composed of an alcohol (for example, choline, ethanolamine, serine, and glycerol) attached by a phosphodiester bridge to either diacyl-glycerol or to sphingosine. 

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