Sphingomyelin, metabolites

Auge, N., Negre-Salvayre, A., Salayre, R., Levade, T. 2000. Sphingomyelin metabolites in vascular cell signalling and atherogenesis. Prog. Lipid Res. 39, 207-229. 

Vivekananda, J., Smith, D., and King, R.J. (2001). Sphingomyelin metabolites inhibit sphingomyelin S3mthase and CTP phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281, L98-107. 

Alessenko, A.V., 2000, The role of sphingomyelin cycle metabolites in transduction of signals of ceU prohferation, differentiation and death, Memb. Cell Biol. 13 303-320. 

Hormonal lipids. We have already considered a number of hormones that are not water-soluble but may have to be transported by carrier proteins to their sites of action. These include retinoic acid (Box 22-A), metabolites of vitamin D (Box 22-C), and the plateletactivating factor (Box 8-A). The last functions in the brain311 as well as in blood. Hormonal lipids also include the prostaglandins (Fig. 21-7), leukotrienes, and lipoxins (Fig. 21-8). These are products of the eicosenoid cascade or network, which is activated by receptors linked to phospholipase C (Fig. 11-9). Cera-mide formed by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin initiates... 

Fatty Acids Can Inhibit SREBP via Metabolites of Sphingomyelin... 

Fig. 8. Head-group additions to ceramide in a schematic representation. Starting with a given molecular subspecies of ceramide (Fig. 7), head groups can be added to make sphingomyelin by addition of a phospho-choline moiety (by transesterification from phosphatidylcholine), phosphate (from ATP), glucose (from UDP-Glc), galactose (from UDP-Gal), or a fatty acid (by transacylation from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine). Subsequent metabolites are formed by sequential carbohydrate addition (from UDP-sugars except for GDP-fucose, GDP-mannose and CMP-sialic acid) or addition of sulfate.

Denisova, N.A., Fisher, D., Provost, M. Joseph, J.A. (1999). The role of glutathione, membrane sphingomyelin, and its metabolites in oxidative stress-induced calcium dysregulation in PC 12 cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 27,1292-1301. 

Thin-layer chromatography can be used for the separation of drugs, amino acids, sugars and catecholamine metabolites, and for the determination of lecithin-sphingomyelin ratios. 

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