Speech and Writing

It is clear that natural (human) language developed first using sound as its medium. While humans clearly also communicate with facial and hand gestures and so on, these systems are not able to express the same wide range of expressions as natural language. Quite why human language 

To begin with, we need to look at the nature of speech and writing in more depth. We will do this from a number of angles, looking first at the physical differences between these signals, before moving on to look at how these differences infiuence communication. 

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The problem with systematic names is that they tend to be grotesquely unpronounceable for anything but the most simple molecules. In everyday speech and writing, chemists therefore do tend to disregard them, and use a mixture of systematic and trivial names. Nonetheless, it s important to know how the rules work. We shall look next at systematic nomenclature, before going on to look at the real language of chemistry. 

Clarity in speech and writing are absolutely essential in the business world today. 

TIP Check your own speech and writing for some of the words in this lesson. For example, do you use superfluous words, cliches, circumlocutions, or non sequiturs ... 

Burke, E. The Philosophy of Edmund Burke A Selection from His Speeches and Writings. Edited with an Introduction by Louis I. Bredvold and Ralph G. Ross. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press, 1961. 

Speech and writing are used for different purposes. When do we use one instead of the other In certain cases we have no real choice in face to face communication it is normal to speak while we could write something down and pass it to our friend to read, this is in general cumbersome. When writing a book, or an article we normally use writing that is the standard way in which material is stored, copied and distributed. Before the computer era it was fairly clear which communication mode was used for what purpose. 

Figure 3.2 The common-form model showing the two processes of text decoding, which finds the words, and speech encoding from those words. For illustration we have shown the different primary levels of form for speech and writing as graphemes and phonemes to show that these are not directly connected.

We can consider both speech and writing/text as signals which encode a linguistic, or other, message. 

The expressive and reflective powers of speech and writing are complementary,... 

Ionization constants are small and inconvenient figures and hence it has become customary to use their negative logarithms (known as pKg values) which are convenient both in speech and writing... 

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