Spectral normalization

The spectral normal emissivity of Coming Code 7940 vitreous silica was computed from measurements of transmittance and reflectance at 25°C and is shown in Figure 8. The total normal emissivity of Code 7940 silica as a function of temperature from —200 to 1400°C is shown in Figure 9. 

Besides the d° or d10 species, the square pyramidal complexes containing d1 and d2 ions, e.g., VO(OEP) and MoO(OEP) (-+[12] 55), and most of the complexes with lanthanoid ions (56) behave spectrally normal. 

The actual spectral data can be directly modeled without digital resolution reduction or spectral normalization. 

Coming Code 7940 [SILICA - VITREOUS SILICA] (Vol21) spectral normal emissivity [SILICA - VITREOUS SILICA] (Vol 21)... 

Spectral normalization Many spectral analysis procedures compare spectrum per spin, therefore the measured spectrum has to be normalized (Fig. 15.8B). Normalization is carried out by dividing the measured spectrum by its 2nd integral, which is proportional to the total number of spins. 

Operating Conditions Collect not less than 64 FTIR spectral scans of the standards and sample in the absorbance mode. Boxcar apodization and 2 cm-1 resolution are recommended parameters. Spectral normalization should be done on the 4333 cm-1 peak to account for varying sample thicknesses. Use identical operating conditions for the standards and for the sample. 

The average (LDA and NN) classification accuracies were 80.6%, 82.7%, 88.6% and 91.2% for UP, UR, NP and NR, respectively (Table 3).60 The simple operation of spectral normalization (U —> N) improved classification accuracy. The classification accuracy was further improved by replacing PC-based features with subregion-based features. 

FIGURE 7.6 Spectral normal emissivity of selected materials. (Adapted from Incropera, F. R, and D. P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 1996 and from Touloukian, Y. S., and D. P. DeWitt, Thermal Radiative Properties, vols. 7, 8, and 9, in Thermophysical Properties of Matter, TPRC Data Series, Y. S. Touloukian and C. Y. Ho, eds., IFI Plenum, New York, 1970-1972.)... 

Hendricks and Howell [253] measured the spectral normal transmittance and normal hemispherical reflectance of three sample thicknesses each of reticulated partially stabilized zirconia and silicon carbide at pore sizes of 10, 20, and 65 ppi. The measurements covered a spectral range of 400-500 nm. They used an inverse discrete ordinates method to find the spectrally dependent absorption and scattering coefficients as well as the constants appropri-... 

Direct Characterization of Heat-Induced Processes in FAIMS Using Spectral Normalization... 

The average absorption and scattering cross-sections Cabs,x and Csca, i of microorganisms suspensions can be experimentally measured using a spectrometer equipped with an integrating sphere. Pint, the spectral normal-normal T j and normal—hemispherical T f, transmissions of several dilute suspensions with different known concentrations are measured, as illustrated in Fig. 5. Here, the scattering phase function Or (0) previously measured for the same suspension is used to correct for various optical effects. 

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