Spectra from Ionization by the Addition or Removal of Charges

4 Spectra from Ionization by the Addition or Removal of Charges 

Mass spectra generated by ionization methods that form ions by the addition or removal of charged species (Cl, APCI, ESI, MALDI, i.e., the soft ionization methods) are mnch simpler than El spectra, because these methods impart less energy to the analyte than El, resulting in minimal or no fragmentation. The molecular species usually constitute the base peak, e.g., [M + H]+, [M + NHJ+, [M + NaJ, [M + 

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