Special fill materials see Chapter

Cohesive or fine grained fill material (see Section 9.1) 

When using cohesive or fine grained material as fill material, ground improvement techniques may be required to satisfy the performance requirements. 

In literature different correlations are found for the Relative Density and the Cone Resistance as a function of the effective stress. For equivalent Relative Densities, the Cone Resistance measured in calcareous sand is less than in quartz sand because of the compressibility and crushing effects of the particles. Depending on the compressibility of the (calcareous) sand, compared with reference sand, a shell factor or cone correction factor has to be used. For clarity, the Specifications should preferably prescribe the following subjects  

In case of lack of experience or doubts with the available fill material then it is recommended to perform Calibration Chamber Tests which enables the actual generation of such a correlation. These tests are preferably performed before the Tender phase. 

At the time of tender, the Contractor may propose the use offill material which initially might not comply with the Specification but does comply with the performance requirements of the reclamation, possibly to be achieved after ground improvement. 

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