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Sonication chemistry solvents

Microwave irradiation, sonication, and solvent-free are green chemistry techniques that have been used for a variety of applications including organic s)mthesis. Microwaves and ultra-... [Pg.116]

Water and alkoxides are not miscible so that a co-solvent, usually the parent alcohol, is currently added in order to mix both reagents and get a clear solution. However alcohol denatures proteins so that such a solvent should be avoided when mixing water and alkoxides. Actually alcohol has been shown to be an unnecessary additive in the silicon sol-gel chemistry (Avnir, 1987). Hydrolysis occurs at the water/silane interface giving alcohol as a reaction product. The mixture then becomes rapidly homogeneous even if unstirred. Better mixing and faster hydrolysis are obtained when the preparation is sonicated before adding proteins (Ellerby, 1992). Hydrolysis is usually performed under acid conditions... [Pg.485]

See other pages where Sonication chemistry solvents is mentioned: [Pg.200]    [Pg.98]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.752]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.397]    [Pg.351]    [Pg.137]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.438]    [Pg.923]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.923]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.521]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2818 ]



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