Solzhenitsyn

Solzhenitsyn, A. 1969. Cancer Ward, translated by Nicholas Bethell and David Burg. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 

Fortunately, not all perceptions of engineers are so negative. Consider the following quotation from a major work of the novelist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ... 

Solzhenitsyn s case, somewhat as in Sholokhov s, the intervention of a powerful patron (Khrushchev) was critical in getting those of his texts that were published accepted, and Khrushchev s demise in 1964 proved fateful in terms of further publication. 

The novels discussed here can be seen as representative of this shift toward the lyric . Those by Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, and Grossman were of course considered treasonous because of their historical critiques but they were also problematical because of the various ways they undermined official expectations of what amounted to the epic mode of Socialist Realism. These writers wrote novels about epic events, but it could be said of all of them, including Sholokhov, that they did not provide wholly positive, uncomplicated heroes, and instead accentuated lyric aspects - private life, the emotions - in their narratives. 

The typical Socialist Realist novel also has a limited time frame, generally just the duration of a single cycle of the seasons, but in the Solzhenitsyn novels the time frame is even more condensed, ranging from just one day to... 

Dunlop, John, Haugh, Richard, and Klimoff, Alexis, eds., Alexander Solzhenitsyn Critical Essays and Documentary Materials (New York Collier Books, 1975). 

Scammell, Michael, Solzhenitsyn A Biography (New York W.W. Norton, 1984). 

An example of this policy shift can be illustrated by the campaign initiated against Alexander Solzhenitsyn, after his 1967 letter to the Union of Writers asking for the abolition of censorship. In reaction to this letter, attacks against the author began in the press he was subsequently expelled from the Union of Writers in 1969, and finally deprived of Soviet citizenship in 1974. 

The new international dimension of the problem, the fear of losing a national identity so dearly won during wartime, and the need to face Western society - all these considerations made Soviet cultural policy more prudent in subsequent years, preferring prevention over punishment. Undesirable writers were invited to choose emigration of their own free will (Brodsky, in 1972) or else they were deprived of Soviet citizenship, thus providing the same result (Solzhenitsyn, in 1974). 

Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Voznesensky, The Triangle Pear. 

Solzhenitsyn is arrested and expelled from the Soviet Union. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago. 

Russia s armies suffered nearly 500,000 CW casualties during World War I, a toll that amounted to 62 percent of all chemical casualties suffered by all sides throughout the war. On July 24, 1916, Russian troops used gas offensively for the first time against German troops at Skrobsk, and as related by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the effort had disastrous consequences ... 

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