Solvothermal nanowire

In addition to the catalytic solvothermal synthesis of carbon nanotubes (Fig. 2) [7], SiC nanowires and tubular structures (Fig. 8) were prepared through a solvothermal reduction-carburization route using silicon powders and CCI4 as Si and carbon sources [20], Si3N4 nanorods were also prepared with a similar process [12]. 

By using polymer-controlled growth in ethylenediamine at 170°C, very long CdS nanowires (100px40 nm) were synthesized (Fig. 9a) [36]. Cadmium sulfide with different morphologies, such as nanoparticles and nanorods (Fig. 9b) [39], peanut-like nanostructures [37] and hollow nanospheres [38] (Fig. 9c) were prepared via solvothermal routes. 

As a result of using organic phosphorus starting material, crystal growth was appropriately controlled. Nanowires of sphalerite-type GaP and InP (Figure 7.13) were prepared, suggesting a promising method for the solvothermal synthesis of one-dimensional III-V nanocrystallites. 

Nickel sulfide nanoparticles synthesized by Guo et al. also showed efficient photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Congo Red under visible-light irradiation. The NiS nanoparticles were by a hydrothermal method. A solution of nickel salt, sodium hydroxide and thioacetamide was sealed in a Teflon lined reactor and heated in an oven for 160 °C for 24 hr. After cooling the product was filtered and washed with water and ethanol. CdS nanowires have been used as ID nanoscale substrates for the growth of NiS nanoparticles by a solution phase method.The step involves the synthesis of the CdS nanowires by a solvothermal route. The as-prepared CdS nanowires and NiCla HaO were dissolved in ethanol and loaded into a Telfon autoclave. 

A variety of solution methods such as seed-assisted growth, template-based synthesis, polyol method, solvothermal method and oriented attachment have also been developed for the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures. Here we will present various examples of the nanowires including metals, oxides, chalcogenides and pnictides with different synthetic methods. 

As discussed in Chapter 13, GaN, AIN and InN nanoparticles and nanowires are readily prepared by decomposing the urea complexes either in solvothermal condition or high temperature vapour-Uquid-soUd growth. This method has also been extended for the synthesis of BN, TiN and NbN [24], Bulk-scale synthesis of BN... 

Over recent years, substantial progress has been made in the development of methods to synthesise new anatase nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanobowls, nanosheets and nanotubes, and mesoporous materials such as aerogels, opals, and photonic materials.These methods include sol and sol-gel, micelle and inverse micelle, hydrothermal, solvothermal, sonochemical, microwave deposition techniques, direct oxidation, chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, and electrodeposition. For DSSC, the most common deposition technique is the sol-gel method from hydrolysis... 

Some striking results are obtained on using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent, where it lends itself to the production of nanostructures. With hydrazine hydrate these structures form into various geometries, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, quantum dots, and so on, under the conditions of hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave, sono-chemical, and micellar methods [11-14]. It is possible to control the morphology of the nanoparticles with a combination of hydrazine hydrate, with or without suitable surfactants. 

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