Solvothermal catalyst synthesis

The entire spectrum of tools in synthetic inorganic chemistry, including high temperature methods, precipitation, solvothermal synthesis, sol-gel chemistry, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and soft matter techniques adopted in part from organo-metallic chemistry, have been applied to synthesize the active mass of catalysts. Table 4.2.1 summarizes basic techniques. The preparation methods differ whether... 

Other technological aspects of carbon nanotube synthesis currently under scrutiny include study of the growth mechanism [67,71], attempts to control the diameter [72-74], processes which yield very long CNTs [70,75], optimization of the catalyst composition [76], and improvements in purity [77]. A major area of focus is the production of CNTs at selected sites on a substrate (micropatterning) [78-81]. Other synthetic methods investigated have been (i) a solvothermal route, in which reactants are heated in solution in a sealed autoclave [82,83] (ii) a solid-state metathesis process [84] (iii) a hydrothermal process which produces MWNTs from amorphous carbon [85] and (iv) low-temperature processes [59]. 

Ramulifho T, Ozoemena KI, Modibedi RM, Jafta CJ, Mathe MK (2012) Fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Sn) supported on sulfonated MWCNTs Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. 

Fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Sn) supported on suUbnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out by Ramulifho et al. (2012). The results showed that the mixed Pd-based catalysts (obtained by simple ultrasonic-mixing of the individual MWCNT-metal nanocomposites) gave better electrocatalytic activity than their alloy nanoparticles (obtained by coreduction of metal salts) or Pd alone. This Pd-based bimetallic catalysts was used for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. 

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