Solvay and Cie

Vinyhdene chloride copolymers are marketed under a variety of trade names. Saran is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company for vinyhdene chloride copolymers. Other trade names include Daran (W. R. Grace), Amsco Res (Union Oil), and Serfene (Morton Chemical) in the United States Haloflex (Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Diofan (BASF), Ixan (Solvay and Cie SA), and Polyidene (Scott-Bader) in Europe. 

Solvay and Cie, Cyclic Epoxidation Process for Unsatiuated Fatty Acid, DE Patent 1,257,767 (1962). 

Table 1 Comparative values of C and kp for Solvay and Cie and conventional catalysts...

In this class the transition metal is present only on the surface of the support. The catalyst is usually prepared by the reaction of transition metal compound with the surface hydroxyls of the support. The support materials are typically metal oxides such as Si, Al, Zn, Ti, Mg. High activity catalysts for ethylene polymerization based on Ti have been patented by Solvay and Cie (Belgium Patent 650,679 (1963) British Patent 1,024,336 (1963))... 

The Unipol process employs a fluidized bed reactor (see Section 3.1.2) for the preparation of polyethylene and polypropylene. A gas-liquid fluid solid reactor, where both liquid and gas fluidize the solids, is used for Ziegler-Natta catalyzed ethylene polymerization. Hoechst, Mitsui, Montedison, Solvay et Cie, and a number of other producers use a Ziegler-type catalyst for the manufacture of LLDPE by slurry polymerization in hexane solvent (Fig. 6.11). The system consists of a series of continuous stirred tank reactors to achieve the desired residence time. 1-Butene is used a comonomer, and hydrogen is used for controlling molecular weight. The polymer beads are separated from the liquid by centrifugation followed by steam stripping. 

The loop reactors, which are recycled tubular reactors, are used by the Phillips Petroleum Co. and Solvay et Cie. The Phillips process is characterized by the use of a light hydrocarbon diluent such as isopentane or isobutane in loop reactors which consist of four jacketed vertical pipes. Figure 1 shows the schematic flow diagram for the loop reactor polyethylene process. The use of high-activity supported chromium oxide catalyst eliminates the need to deash the product. This reactor is operated at about 35 atm and 85-110° C with an average polymer residence time of 1.5 hr. Solid concentrations in the reactor and effluent are reported as 18 and 50 wt %, respectively. The reactor diameter is 30 in. (O.D.) and the length of the reactor loop is about 450 ft. 

The Energy Content of Plastics Articles, British Plastics Federation, London, 1986. Company brochure, Solvay et Cie, PVC and The Environment, 1986. 

Leblanc s process had many disadvantages it was complicated, was dirty and polluting, and was materials and fuel inefficient. This set other scientists to working on development of a new process. In about 1872, Ernst Solvay developed what became known as the Solvay process, and this resulted in establishment of the French firm Solvay Cie. By 1890 the Solvay process dominated the world s alkali production.14 Leblanc s process was obsolete. 

In non-supported catalysts, most active centers (>95%) become encased within the growing polymer particle and thereby become unavailable for additional polymer formation. This results in low catalyst activity. A major improvement occurred in the early 1970s when supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts began to emerge. Leading polyethylene producers of the time (Shell, Solvay Cie, Hoechst, Mitsui and Montecatini Edison) developed many of these catalysts (8). Of course, most have morphed into present-day companies, such as LyondellBasell and INEOS. 

EltexP. [Solvay Cie] Polypn ykne homcqjdiyinen and cojxdymen. 

Ixef . [Solvay Polymers Solvay Cie] Polyarylamide fex shock- and vibration-absorbing parts. 

Sole. [Solvay Polymers S(dvay Cie] PVDF homopolymer nuclear industries, pqter/pulp, metal surface coatings, elecyelectronics, films to building automobile industries, tech, parts. 

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