Solute transport parameters

Taft equation (eq 16 in reference (36)) and reverse osmosis data on solute transport parameter Dam/K6 (defined by eq 12 later in this discussion) for different solutes and membranes (44,45,46), and (iv) the functional similarity of the thermodynamic quantity AAF+ representing the transition state free energy change (36) and the quantity AAG defined as... 

All symbols are defined at the end of the paper. Equation 10 defines the pure water permeability constant A for the membrane which is a measure of its overall porosity eq 12 defines the solute transport parameter D /K6 for the membrane, which is also a measure of the average pore size on the membrane surface on a relative scale. The Important feature of the above set of equations is that neither any one equation in the set of equations 10 to 13, nor any part of this set of equations is adequate representation of reverse osmosis transport the latter is governed simultaneously by the entire set of eq 10 to 13. Further, under steady state operating conditions, a single set of experimental data on (PWP), (PR), and f enables one to calculate the quantities A, Xy 2> point... 

Membrane Specifications. At a specified operating temperature and pressure, a cellulose acetate membrane is completely specified in terms of its pure water permeability constant A and solute transport parameter D /k6 for a convenient reference solute such as sodium chloride. A single set of experimental data on (PWP), (PR), and f at known operating conditions is enough to obtain data on the specifying parameters A and (DAM/X6)jjg(. 2 at any given temperature and pressure. 

Reverse-Osmosis Experiments. All reverse-osmosis experiments were performed with continuous-flow cells. Each membrane was subjected to an initial pure water pressure of 2068 kPag (300 psig) for 2 h pure water was used as feed to minimize the compaction effect. The specifications of all the membranes in terms of the solute transport parameter [(Dam/ 6)Naci]> the pure water permeability constant (A), the separation, and the product rate (PR) are given in Table I. These were determined by Kimura-Sourirajan analysis (7) of experimental reverse-osmosis data with sodium chloride solution at a feed concentration of 0.06 m unless otherwise stated. All other reverse-osmosis experiments were carried out at laboratory temperature (23-25 °C), an operating pressure of 1724 kPag (250 psig), a feed concentration of 100 ppm, and a feed flow rate >400 cmVmin. The fraction solute separation (/) is defined as follows ... 

Matsuura and Sourirajan 22 28) tried to examine various parameters of barrier materials such as the solute transport parameter (DAM/K5), polar and nonpolar para-... 

For the case of completely dissociated unlvetlent salts in solution the solute transport parameter ( AU/KS) has been shown to be (2) ... 

Decker, D.L., 1996. The determination of the hydraulic flow and solute transport parameters for several heap leach materials. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. 

Abbasi, F., Jacques, D., Simunek, J., Feyen, J., and Van Genuchten, M.T. (2003) Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic and Solute Transport Parameters From Transient Field Experiments Heterogeneous Soil. Transactions of the Asae 46 (4), 1097-1 111. 

This equation is also the same mathematical formula as Equation 5.25. The quantity DAmf A/S is called solute transport parameter and its dimension is meters per second (m/s). Furthermore,... 

A linear frce-energy relationship was found applicable to the solute transport parameter of organic solutes in a homologous group in the form [115]... 

The product, DimKim, is a permeability coefficient of solute i through the membrane of thickness Sm- The product Di Ki /d ) has been called the solute transport parameter in reverse osmosis literature (Sourirajan, 1970). Expression (3.4.59) is an integrated flux expression for solute transport through a reverse osmosis membrane in terms of the differences in concentrations of the external solutions and a mass-transfer coefficient-like quantity DiinXim/ m). 

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