Solid-State Displays

FICs are useful as electrochemical sensors, electrolytes and electrodes in batteries and in solid state displays (Farrington Briant, 1979 Ingram Vincent, 1984). If a FIC material containing mobile M ions separates two compositions with different activities of M, a potential is set up across the FIC that can be related to the difference in the chemical activities of M. By fixing the activity on one side, the unknown activity on the other can be determined. This principle forms the basis of a number of ion-selective electrodes LaFj doped with 5% SrF2 is used for monitoring fluoride ion concentration in drinking water. Similarly, calcia-stabilized-zirconia is used in cells of the type... 

Secondary acyclic amides in the solid state display an amide II band in the region of 1570-1515 cm-1. In dilute solution, the band occurs in the 1550-1510 cm-1 region. This band results from interaction between the N—H bending and the C—N stretching of the C—N—H group. A second, weaker band near 1250 cm-1 also results from interaction between the N—H bending and C—N stretching. 

This pattern was anticipated by Holmes14 on the basis of the tendency to structural distortion in the solid state displayed by the spirosilicates 25-27 and related compounds, compared with the corresponding phosphoranes, and may be attributed to the greater effective radius of Si" over P, typically73 some 0.07-0.15 A. 

Well known examples for the electrochemical reaction studied with respect to solid state display applications are W03 [264-267] and the organic viologen salts [268, 269]. 

In synthesis, the peformance of the laminated ECDs becomes comparable to that of the liquid electrolyte ECDs only at temperatures higher than 65°C. This may consistently limit the widespread application of these solid-state displays, unless improved polymer electrolytes, having higher conductivity at ambient temperature, are used as an alternative. It is interesting to point out, however, that even with the PEO-based configuration, the laminated ECDs may find some unique applications. In fact, the drastic thermal dependence of the polymer electrolyte conductivity may be conveniently exploited for the realization of new optical devices directed to specific uses. For instance, considering the memory effect typical of the... 

CRT-based display technologies are covered in Chapter 28. Solid-state display systems will be addressed in this chapter. 

Fig. 14 A device structure of the electrochromic solid-state display using the oiganic-metaUic hybrid polymer film...

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