Solid extractants mineral acid extraction

Oximes, hydrazines and semicarbazones. The hydrolysis products of these compounds, t.e., aldehydes and ketones, may be sensitive to alkali (this is particularly so for aldehydes) it is best, therefore, to conduct the hydrolysis with strong mineral acid. After hydrolysis the aldehyde or ketone may be isolated by distillation with steam, extraction with ether or, if a solid, by filtration, and then identified. The acid solution may be examined for hydroxylamine or hydrazine or semicarbazide substituted hydrazines of the aromatic series are precipitated as oils or solids upon the addition of alkali. 

A slight excess of mineral acid, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid is added to acidify the mixture which is then chilled and the solid which separates is filtered off. It is then treated with an aqueous solution of dilute sodium hydroxide to dissolve the hydantoin from the solid unreacted benzophenone. After filtration, the alkaline extract is then acidified to cause the separation of solid pure diphenylhydantoin which is filtered off and dried. It melts at 293° to 296°C. 

The first of these, utilized by Yoder, McCalip and Seibert,34 and by Balch, Broeg and Ambler,37 provides for the extraction of the aconitic acid from the sample being investigated, usually with diethyl ether, and the subsequent isolation of the acid from the solvent. In dealing with solid samples, e.g. alkaline earth aconitates, evaporator scale, etc., the prescribed procedure is to dissolve the material in aqueous mineral acid and to extract the acid solution exhaustively with ether. The ether extract is then evaporated under reduced pressure, the dried residue titrated with standard alkali and the titratable acid calculated as aconitic acid. In dealing with such solid samples it is often necessary to make an additional determination for oxalic acid which otherwise would be assumed to be aconitic acid.37 The aconitic acid in liquid samples is usually precipitated as the insoluble lead salt which is separated and treated as any other solid sample. In some cases this procedure is unnecessary and the liquid samples are merely acidified with a mineral acid and then extracted with ether.37 This method for the determination of aconitic acid, however, requires a considerable amount of time and is further complicated by the interference of ether-soluble waxes and non-volatile acids. 

Mineral Acids Extraction by Solid Polymeric Extractants TVEX... 

MINERAL ACIDS EXTRACTION BY SOLID POLYMERIC EXTRACTANTS TVEX CONTAINING NEUTRAL ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS (TBP, DIOMP)... 

Elemental composition Pb 68.32%, S 10.57%, O 21.10%. the solid crystalline powder or the mineral anglesite may be characterized by x-ray techniques and physical properties. Lead can be analyzed in the sohd compound or its nitric acid extract by various instrumental techniques (See Lead). 

Elemental composition Mo 59.94%, S 40.06%. The compound or mineral molybdenite may be identified nondestructively by x-ray and from physical properties. Molybdenum content of the material may be determined by various instrumental techniques after digestion of the solid in concentrated HNO3 or aqua regia followed by appropriate dilution of acid extract (See Molybdenum.)... 

Brookhaven National Laboratory s (BNL s) biochemical recovery of radionuclides and heavy metals is a patented biochemical recovery process for the removal of metals and radionuclides from contaminated minerals, soil, and waste sites. In this process, citric acid, a naturally occurring organic complexing agent, is used to extract metals and radionuclides from solid wastes by the formation of water-soluble, metal-citrate complexes. The complex-rich extract is then subjected to microbiological biodegradation that removes most of the extracted heavy metals. 

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