Solid decompositions, experimental development

An Experimental Investigation of Finite-Wave Axial Combustion Instability , ARDE, Canada Ti4660/63(1963) 42)Aerojet-GeneralCorp, "Investigationof the Mechanisms of Decomposition, Combustion, and Detonation of Solids , Report 0372 01 17(1964) 42a)F. Jackson et al, "The Influence of Axial Combustion Instability on the Development of a 23KS20000 Motor , ARDE Canada, TN 1620/64(1964)... 

Nevertheless, the kinetics of decomposition are of sufficient interest, for both theoretical and practical reasons, that it seems worthwhile to include the results of at least the more carefully done studies. In this section we summarize features common to all decompositions and the factors affecting decomposition rates. The discussion is essentially limited to solids, since most experimental and theoretical work has been done in this area. It should be pointed out that many of the theoretical foundations were laid several decades ago, and that newer developments deal mostly with refinements. Kinetics of the individual compounds are treated in their respective sections. 

Values of all constants calculated on the experimental database are given in Table 2.4. From Table 2.4, it follows that the value of U is close to the energy at which chemical connections break, resulting in the formation of free macroradicals [9], The temperature Tm corresponds to the initial temperature of rubber decomposition. The value of a structural-mechanical constant y corresponds to complex composite materials on the rubber and phenol-formaldehyde resin base. It should be noted that experimentally determined minimum time of destruction, x , is in 100 times exceeds the period of atoms fluctuation in a solid body. Such a sharp increase xm is obviously connected to a significant quantity of filler in the RubCon material (about 90%), which results in a complex manner of crack development at destruction [8],... 

The chemical conversion of solids, and the formation of solid products, are both very complex subjects. The main reason is that the relevant physical and mechanical properties of solids cannot be expressed in a few simple parameters. Nevertheless, in a few cases these processes can be modelled relatively simply. Some examples have been presented here. These examples served to demonstrate that a complete physical model of the decomposition or the formation of solids is not always required for process development. Much simpler models can be used, when one or two essential parameters are determined experimentally. In the development of chemical reactors, some experiments on a small scale are necessary anayway to see if any unexpected phenomena occur. The objective of the presented examples was to show how useful quantitative information can be gathered from bench scale experiments. 

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