Soil removal and replacement

One of the oldest and simplest methods to improve the subsoil is the removal of problematic soils and their replacement by fill material with better properties (i.e., sand). Soils that are often replaced include contaminated or organic soils. The 

An important aspect of soil replacement, and often a limiting factor, is the need for transport and disposal of the removed material. If the soil caimot be recycled as a construction material in the fill itself or disposed of at a nearby location, the eosts of removal can be significant, especially if the soil is contaminated. In these eases other soil improvement techniques, which immobihse or stabilise contaminants in the soil, may be more economical. 

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Introduction 7.6.2 Soil removal and replacement 7.6.3 Stone columns ... 

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