Soil, electrochemical decontamination

DeFlaun, M. F. and Condee, C. W. (1997) Electrokinetic Transport of Bacteria f Journal of Hazardous Materials, Special Edition on Electrochemical Decontamination of Soil and Water, Edited by Yalcin B. Acar and AkramN. Alshawabkeh, pp. 263-278. 

Haran BS, Zheng G, Popov BN, White RE. (1995). Electrochemical decontamination of soils development of a new electrochemical method for decontamination of hexavalent chromium from sand. Proceedings of the Electrochemical Society 12 227-251. 

The electrochemical soil decontamination process is designed to treat organic compounds and heavy metals. It utilizes induced electrical currents to establish chemical, hydraulic, and electrical gradients designed to extract contaminants for soils. Treatment may be accomplished in situ or on site in lined cells. 

Electroremediation — Electrochemical process for in-situ decontamination and restoration of polluted soils, sludge, or other solid wastes. It is also currently known as electroreclamation, electrorestoration, or electrokinetic remediation. The technology involves the application of a low-intensity direct current across inert electrode pairs... 

Electroremediation using electrical current is the final purification method discussed in this chapter. Here, an array of anodes are placed in the soil opposite an array of cathodes. When electric potential is apphed the following processes occur electrolysis of water in the soil, dissolution of polluting ions, migration of ions under the influence of the apphed potential field, and reduction or pH based precipitation at the cathode [68,69]. This technique, also known as electroreclamation or electrochemical soil decontamination, does not require a membrane however, improved electroremediation has been reported when ion-exchange membranes were incorporated into the system [70]. The function of the membrane is to retain OH ions produced at the cathode. Migration of these OH ions is prevented to avoid precipitation of the heavy metal ions in the sod. 

Hansen HK, Ottosen LM, Lauesen S and ViL-lumsen a (1997) Electrochemical analysis of ion-exchange membranes with respect to a possible use in electrodialytic decontamination of soil polluted with heavy metals. Separation Sci Technol 32 2425 — 2444. 

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