Soft structures

The structure of MeIn(C5H5B-Me)2 has been explored, and it has been determined to be fluxional in solution on the NMR time scale, with average C2V symmetry.29 An X-ray crystallographic investigation has revealed soft structural parameters of the indium-ring coordination, consistent with the solution studies. 

The degree of polymerization of hard clusters increases with evolution of the system as a whole. The hard clusters already exist in pregel molecules. Before the macroscopic gel point of the system is reached they remain usually small. Later on, the hard clusters grow faster and eventually a gel point (percolation threshold) of the hard structure is reached. Below this point, clusters are embedded in the soft matrix beyond the percolation threshold, the hard and soft structures interpenetrate (Figure 5.7). Below the percolation threshold, hard clusters are essentially dendritic when the percolation threshold is surpassed, circuits (cycles) develop within the hard structure. 

Microinjection was found to be difficult due to the soft structure of the surface tegument. Tests with adults and sporocysts demonstrated the potential of microinjection using selected dyes, which diffused through the body after treatment (L. Gohr, Dusseldorf, 1995, PhD thesis at the University of Dusseldorf Wippersteg, unpublished). However, only a very low number of individuals could be successfully manipulated within 1 day, and most of these did not survive in culture afterwards. 

Therefore, we investigated a molecular interaction of cardiolipin with cytochrome c. As shown in Figure 2, cytochrome c consists of 5 helices and inter-helical loops which harbor a heme c prosthetic group by covalent thioether-bonds through cysteine-14 and -17 residues. Ferric ion, centered in the pyrrole ring, is axially liganded by histidine-18 and methionine-80 residue. The lower half of the protein consisting of flexible random coils is a rather soft structure and has a space between the heme c plate and P-loops inside the small basic protein. 

Self-assembly of Pt(II) complexes yielding luminescent liquid crystals (210,211,274) and AIE (275-279) have been already described, but metal complexes forming soft structures with such intense phosphorescence are very rare. 

Sapotilla, Chico (Achras sapota) is the fruit of the chicle tree, the source of the natural chewing gum base. The fruit has a very sweet taste with a pear-like, soft structure. The flavour is reminiscent of a mixture of pear with hazelnut. 

The BIWEIGHT function [1 — (m/c)2]J for smooth, soft structure refinement ... 

These observations are preliminary the model is also our first attempt to understand the observations. Although ferroelectricity can be consistent with an amorphous structure in theory, to be able to demonstrate such a phenomenon unequivocally is by no means an easy task. However, the preceding discussion may be helpful in shedding light on future efforts in the sense that it suggests a possible avenue to prepare structurally controlled amorphous materials, which may be essential to the preparation of any amorphous material with locally dialectically soft structural units, as proposed by Lines [51]. After all. 

With these rules we are in a position to discuss several trends and softness-structure relationships, as will now be demonstrated. 

A different sensitivity of the system to the perturbation is observed, according to its global hardness the radius of the perturbation sphere is much larger for the soft structures than for the harder ones. This means that the perturbation by the cation is felt over a longer distance in the former case. In hard structures we are dealing with a more localized effect. 

Organic matrix The interlinked organic molecular structure that forms the soft structure in complex biologically produced hard parts, including the collagenous and non-collagenous matrices in bones and dentine. 

Further information about textiles in snow sports equipment and in safety devices is addressed as well as the attributes textiles can impart on hard or soft structures with the attention to mechanical improvements and durability in the environments faced. 

It would seem that these soft structures are not interesting as they are unstable (it is sufficient to increase the temperature to make the structure disappear). The opposite is true, because such structures, after performing their function, may be destroyed without any significant energy expense. 

Finally, it is noted that, according to Equation 10.34, the electrophoretic mobility is insensitive to the exact position of the hydrodynamic slip plane in the permeable layer. It implies that for such soft structures the notion zeta potential, as defined in Section 10.1, loses its meaning. 

Patra PK, Calvert PD, B Warner S, Kim YK, Chen CH. Quantum tunneling nanocomposite textile soft structure sensors and actuators. National Textile Center Annual Report, Project No NTC M04—MD07. 2006. 

Soft Structures and Applications. Shore nourishment has become one of the most common soft coastal engineering applications. The three main types are backshore, beach, and shoreface nourishment. As the name suggests, nourishment is the action of artificially adding sand to the backshore (upper part of the beach), beach, or shoreface (usually the seaside of the bar) in an attempt to modify the effects of erosion. Although nourishment replaces sand in an eroded area and is considered to be a rather natural form of coastal engineering, it does not address the causes or processes of erosion nor does it reduce the impact of wave energy. 

---