Small perturbations temperature, pressure and electric field jumps

6 Small perturbations temperature, pressure and electric field jumps 

These single impulse displacements only alter the position of equilibrium provided certain conditions are met  

These techniques involve a sudden increase in temperature, a sudden increase in pressure and a sudden application of an electric field, respectively. 

For the mathematical analysis of the data to be valid, rates must be studied very close to equilibrium, and any displacement must be small (see Sections 3.21 and 3.21.1). If a single equilibrium is involved, then the approach to the new equilibrium position always simulates first order behaviour. 

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