Smad signaling

In total, TGPP-Smad signal conduction has distinct similarities to signal conduction in the Jak-Stat pathway (see 11.1.3). In both pathways, cytosolic transcription factors are activated by phosphorylation and are translocated in oligomeric complexes to the nucleus and the DNA. Common to both pathways is the short distance from the extracellular signal to the transcription level. 

Ulloa, L., Doody, J. and Massague, J. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signalling by the interferon-gamma/STAT pathway (1999) Nature 397, 710-713... 

Massague, J., and Wotton, D. 2000. Transcriptional control by the TGF-beta/Smad signaling system. EMBO J. 19 1745-1754. 

Figure 2 SMAD signaling pathway, in which ligand binding activates the dimer formation of type I and type II receptors, which initiate intracellular signaling.

Zhang, Y., and Derynck, R. (1999). Regulation of Smad signalling by protein associations and signalling crosstalk. Trends Cell Biol. 9, 274-279. 

Table 6.2 Consequences of mutations of genes encoding components of the TGE p/SMAD signalling pathway (reproduced with permission of the author and Annu Rev. Biochem. from Rg. 7 in ref. 1)...

Chambers SM, Fasano CA, Papapenou EP, Tomishima M, Sadelain M, Studer L (2009) Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. Nat Biotechnol 27(3) 275-280... 

The TG F/ /Smad signaling pathway is controlled at various levels and is subjected to crosstalk with other signaling pathways (Fig. 12.2). The main regulatory influences are listed below (review Kloos et al., 2002). 

Mehra, A. and Wrana, J.L. (2002) TGF-beta and the Smad signal transduction pathway. Biochem.Cell Biol., 80, 605-622. 

Yang X, Long L, Southwood M, et al. Dysfunctional Smad signaling contributes to abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Res... 

Schmierer B, Hill CS (2007) TGFbeta-SMAD signal transduction molecular specificity and functional flexibility. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8 970-982... 

Oncoproteins and l-Smads Regulate Smad Signaling via Negative Feedback Loops... 

Luo, Q., Nieves, E., Kzhyshkowska, J., Angeletti, R. H. (2006) Endogenous transforming growth factor-beta receptor-mediated Smad signaling complexes analyzed by mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics, 5, 1245-1260. 

Liu, H., Peng, H., Wu, Y, et al., 2013. The promotion of bone regeneration by nanolibrous hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds by effects on integrin-BMP/Smad signaling pathway in BMSCs. Biomaterials 32 (18), 4404-4417. 

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