Slag layer behavior

The slag layer plays important roles in heat transfer and the reduction of iron oxide. The role of the slag layer in heat transfer was described in Sec. 2.3. Katayama et al. (1992) proposed that the reduction of iron oxide occurred at the following three locations 

---

The heat transfer efficiency is significantly affected by the slag layer properties and behavior therefore, those factors other than slag phenomena that affect HTE are presented in Table 5. As for the PCR, it is desirable to keep the HTE as high as possible. An increase in HTE at the same PCR decreases fuel consumption (Fruehan et al., 1989 Keogh et al.,... 

Swirl motion of a bubbling jet occurs even in the presence of a thin slag layer on a molten metal layer. The bath surface oscillations, however, are strongly modulated compared with those in the absence of the slag layer. This section presents the effects of the top slag layer on the first kind of swirl motion of a bubbling jet and the behavior of the slag layer. 

In Sect. 6.1.2.4, we discussed the shape and size of molten metal carried into the upper silicone oU layer by rising bubbles, and the diameters of molten metal droplets accumulated at the slag metal interface. Evaluation of the birth rate, death rate, and lifetime of molten metal droplets is essential for practical applications. In this section, particular attention is paid to the behavior of small molten metal droplets in the silicone oil layer. The birth and death rates and lifetime of the molten metal droplets are defined, and empirical equations are introduced for these quantities. 

---