Skins unhaired

Varela H, Ferrari MD, Belobradjic L et al. (1997) Skin unhairing proteases of Bacillus subtilis production and partial characterization. Biotechnol Lett 19 755-758 Verduyn C, Zomerdijk TPL, van Etijken JHP et al. (1984) Continuous measurement of ethanol production by aerobic yeast suspensions with an enzyme electrode. J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 19(3) 181-185... 

Cassano, A., Drioli, E., Molinari, R., Grimaldi, D., Caha, F. L., Rossi, M. Enzymatic membrane reactor for eco-friendly goat skin unhairing. J Soc Leather Technol Chem 2000, 84,205-211. 

Varela, H., Ferrai, M. D., Belobrajdic, L., Vazquez, A., Loperena, M. L. Skin unhairing proteases of Bacillus subtilis, production and partial characterization. Biotechnol Lett 1997, 19,755-758. 

The manufacture of leather foUows the same general steps for a great variety of leathers (Fig. 2). The largest category of hides taimed is catde hides. Of the cattle hides chrome tanning of unhaired hides is by far the dominant system used throughout the world. The tanning of other types of hides and skins requires variations in the systems used for cattle hides (3). 

While parchment and vellum are also untanned skin products, they have physical properties very different to rawhide. These are made by stretching unhaired skins under tension and drying them carefully. As the moisture is removed, they shrink to form an opaque, white, relatively flexible product, which has been employed for millennia as a stable writing or bookbinding material. 

Raw mammalian skin Limed, unhaired cattle hide Parchment... 

George, S., Raju, V, Krishnan, M. R. V, Subramanian, T. V, Jayaraman, K. Rroduction of protease by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in solid-state fermentation and its apphcation in the unhairing of hides and skins. Process Biochem 1995, 30,457-462. 

Mukhopadhyay, R. P, Chandra, A. Protease of a keratinolytic streptomycete to unhair goat skin. Indian J Exp Biol 1993, 31, 557-558. 

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