Sketching techniques

In this computer age, one may question why nobody would write a program that can solve for the roots with dead time accurately Someone did. There are even refined hand sketching techniques to account for the lag due to dead time. However, these tools are not as easy to apply and are rarely used. Few people use them because frequency response analysis in Chapter 8 can handle dead time accurately and extremely easily. 

All comments on Nyquist plots are made without the need of formal hand sketching techniques. Strictly speaking, the polar plot is a mapping of the imaginary axis from co = 0+ to You ll see... 

Using correct freehand technical sketching techniques, practice sketching horizontal lines. See Figure 4-21 for a practice example. 

Be sure to use correct sketching techniques as shown in Chapter 4, freehand technical sketching. 

Sketching techniques for footwear Examples of hand sketches and computer sketches are shown in Figure 6.12. 

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