Sinter quality

Table 10 summarises all methods for the densification of Si3N4 used at present. The resulting Si3N4 ceramics classified according to the densification routes are also listed together with several remarks on manufacturing characteristics, properties and applications. For comparison with the sintered qualities, information on reaction bonded silicon nitride ceramics are also included but will be treated in more detail in Sect. 8. 

The presence of chlorides from the PVC separators in the battery posed significant problems with the larger, integrated lead smelters who recovered other metals such as silver, copper, and zinc. Chlorides have serious implications for the recovery of these other elements. They reduce the life of the refractory lining of the furnace and affect the sinter quality. These difficulties have largely abated with the shift to polyethylene separators. 

Sintered mullite may be obtained from a mixture of kyanite (Al20Si04), a naturally occurring mineral found in metamorphic rocks, bauxite, and kaolin. This mixture (in the correct ratio) is sintered at temperatures up to about 1600 C. The sintered quality contains 85-90% mullite... 

This contrasts strongly with the behavior of sintered Si3N4. In Fig. 15 we have calculated tc for pure and sintered qualities, assuming parabolic growth and using the data compiled earlier [53]. 

Improvement in sinter quality. This has meant a reduction in the sulphur content and closer control of fiictors such as the lime/silica ratio and sinter hardness. 

The ouqmt of many ISP smelters has increased considerably since they were originally designed. Some of this increase has followed fix>m increasing the size of the furnace hut has also resulted fiom increasing the intensity of operation. This has required better sinter quality and improvements in the design of the furnace and condenser. 

Effects of moisture contents on sinter quality were studied when basicity was 1.7, quicklime was 3% and return fine was 30%. Results are given in Figure 1. 

Effects of coke dosage on sinter quality and removal ratio of K 0 and Na 0... 

When applying optimum moisture of 9.3% and keeping other parameters constant, the effects of coke dosage on sinter quality and removal ratio of K2O and Na20 were studied. Results are... 

On the basis of basic experiment, research upon the behaviors of removal ratio of K2O and Na20 during sintering process, and upon the effects of bed depths on sinter quality and metallization raho was conducted. Results were given in Figure 3. 

In order to improve the sintering temperature as well as sinter quality and removal ratio of K2O and Na20, replacing a certain proportion of coke breeze with anthracite were applied, and the results are illustrated in Figure 5. 

The aim of this paper is to find the appropriate combination of the particle size of coke breeze and limestone to promote the qualities of sinter and correlate the effect of coke breeze particle size or limestone particle size on sinter qualities. Therefore, there are considerable benefits in understanding the multifactor of the particle size which causes the quality of sinter to change. 

With water addition of 12%,the number of particles whose diameters are more than 3mm reaches 93.2%, permeability index is 1.93,which gets a better granulation effect. With the increase of coke dosage, sintering quality grows good first then drops. The suitable coke breeze dosage is recommended at 12%. Sinter yield of 84.03%, shatter index of 83.4% tumble index of 72.57% and abrasion index of 11.43% are achieved respectively. 

CaF I BaF2 can be added into nickel matrix and sintered at elevated temperature, but the amount and ratio of the fluorides should be controlled for obtaining both good sintering quality and tribological properties. In the experiment, amount of 8-16% Cafj and 0.6 and 1.0 ratio of CaFj / BaF are recommended. 

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