Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms SNPs typing

Considerable amounts of quenching of the acridone emissions by guanine in the DNA occurred when guanine was close to acridone, which can be applied as a quencher-free probe (no additional quencher is required) for the detection of a special sequence of DNA. The DNA bearing acridone at the C5 position of inner thymidine could distinguish the opposite T-T base mismatch, while enhancement of discrimination ability is needed for the practical use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. 

Recently, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been reported for several types of transporter. Extensive studies have been performed on the SNPs of OATP2 [100, 101], and the SNPs identified in African- and European-Americans are indicated in Fig. 12.3. Moreover, the frequency of SNPs differed among the African-American, European-Americans and Japanese, indicating the presence of an ethnic difference in the allelic mutation of this transporter [100, 101]. In addition, some of the mutations were associated with reduced transporter function and/or abnormalities in membrane targeting [100, 102] (Fig. 12.3). It is... 

In this study, we only utilize one kind of probe-1 (P-1) DNA-conjugated polymer and easily set probe-2 (P-2) DNA on substrate, through hybridization between P-1 DNA and P-2 (Fig. 11) to analyze various target DNA, resulting in a DNA sensor that can analyze two different types of target DNA and distinguish fully matched from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequences. 

Microfluidic structures used to retain beads might then fulfill the dual purpose of holding back particles while allowing samples and reagents to be delivered. A first type of device is presented in Fig. 7 in which microspheres are confined either in a microchamber bordered by a leaky wall (Fig. 7A) [27] or by a pillar made wall (Fig. 7B) [28]. Such systems were used to perform single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the codon 72 of the gene of the anti-cancer p53 protein. 

Of 98 patients with drug-induced long QT interval, one taking sulfamethoxazole carried a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP found in about 1.6% of the general population) in KCNE2, which encodes MinK-related peptide 1 (MiRPl), a subunit of the cardiac potassium channel iKr (12). Channels with the SNP were normal at baseline but were inhibited by sulfamethoxazole at therapeutic concentrations, which did not affect wild-type channels. 

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