Single-acting cylinders

For a single-acting cylinder compressing at the outer end of the cylinder... 

For the application requiring a single-acting cylinder compressing on the frame end only, use Equation 3.3 deleting the 2 in the expression. 

To calculate Pd, use Equation 3.1 for single-acting cylinders, Equadofi 3.2 for double-acting cylinders without a tail rod, and Equation 3.3 foi double-acting cylinders with a tail rod. 

Single-acting cylinders are those where compression occurs only once per crankshaft revolution. 

Figure 11-4. Single acting cylinders. (Courtesy of Dresser-Rand.)...

Figure 12-2K. Forged steel single-acting cylinder for 6,000 psi pressure. (Used by permission Cooper-Cameron Corporation. All rights reserved.)...

Figure 12-20. Fourth- and fifth-stage cylinder assembly of 3,500 psig pressure hydrogen compressor. Opposed single-acting cylinders balance frame-bearing loading and minimize torque fluctuations. (Used by permission Dresser-Rand Company.)...

The volume rate of change factor, AV, is obtained from Figure 13-13 for single-acting cylinders and from Figure 13-14 for douhle-acting cylinders. 

Harmonics or multiples of 2, 3, 4, etc., of this frequency will exist and be dominant for two-cycle gas engines, and one half multiples will be dominant for four-cycle engines. If several single-acting cylinders are operating on the same system in parallel, the magnitude of the pulses will depend upon the combination of cylinders and crank throws, and this magnitude is additive for the simultaneous waves in phase. 

For single-acting cylinder, rpm/60 will be the base frequency, and all filters should be sized below this base... 

In a double-acting cylinder, the base frequency will be double that of a single-acting cylinder with its harmonics as additional predominant frequencies. 

Example 2 The cylinder above has a 25 mm diameter rod. Find the true (theoretical) consumption. Connection from the same point on the reference scale to the rod diameter size on the bore scale gives a single-acting cylinder consumption figure of 0.81 per stroke. Deduce this from the solution found in Example 1 to give the true consumption figure, i.e. 25.4 — 0.8 = 35.61 per stroke... 

Figure 29.1 is a simplified sketch of a cylinder of a reciprocating compressor. The cylinder is shown as a single-acting cylinder. Typically cylinders are double-acting, meaning that there are valves on both ends of the cylinder and that the piston is compressing gas, in turn, on both ends of the cylinder. 

A single-acting cylinder can apply force in the extend direction only. They are typically less expensive than double-aeting cylinders because there is no piston head and therefore no requirement for a finished cylinder bore or piston head sealing system. Because the single-acting cylinder is powered only in one direction, a method of returning the ram is required. Typically, another hydraulic cylinder is used. 

Some moving-up presses use single-acting cylinders for the pressing force (up) and gravity to open the press and return the ram (down). 

The prefill circuit can be used on presses with double-acting cylinders or single-acting cylinders. 

The single acting cylinders pushed against the panel, and the overall pressure was transmitted to the load cell of the hydraulic Jack. The load was increased by increments until the panel reached its ultimate load. The deflection was measured from the bottom side (smooth side) under each spreader. Transducers were used to monitor the vertical displacement. 

Fig. 4 shows the most basic components of a pneumatic system, a three-port valve (3PV) and a single acting cylinder (SAC). The steps below describe the operation of the system when the push button of the valve is pressed. The first step is a. Put the others in the correct sequence. 

Figure 42.1 is a simplified sketch of a cylinder of a reciprocating compressor. The cylinder is shown as a single-acting cylinder. Typically... 

Figure 5.3 Single-acting cylinder with single-side connecting rod (force applied in only one direction)...

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