Simultaneous multicomponent

Mourzina YG, Schubert J, Zander W, Legin A, Vlasov YG, Schdning MJ (2001) Development of multisensor systems based on chalcogenide thin film chemical sensors for the simultaneous multicomponent analysis of metal ions in complex solutions. Electrochim Acta 47 251-258... 

Ho CN, Christian GD, Davidson ER, Simultaneous multicomponent rank annihilation and applications to multicomponent fluorescent data acquired by the video fluorometer, Analytical Chemistry, 1981, 53, 92-98. 

Figure 4.26. Flow system and setup for simultaneous multicomponent gradient scanning by flame photometric FI A embodying standard addition. The sample (5) is initially aspirated into loop L, which upon turning of the valve (V) is propelled forward by pump P through the FI A system and toward the detector (F), the sample being sandwiched between the inert carrier solution (water) and an infinitely long zone of standard carrier solution (SC) F, flame nebulizer-burner T, timer A/, scanning monochromator O, storage oscilloscope and R, X-Y recorder.

Models are constructed in analytics to describe the relationship between responses and factors. This is, for example, important for optimization of analytical methods on the basis of response surface methods (cf. Section 4.2). Models are also needed for cahbration of analytical methods. There, calibration of a single analyte in dependence on one or several wavelengths might be of interest. If, in the first example, the straight-line model would be adequate, for the second task of multiwavelength spectroscopy, multivariate approaches are needed. Calibrations in the case of unselective analytical methods must also be performed. These methods are termed simultaneous multicomponent analysis. In near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the contents of water and protein in whole grain wheat are determined that way. 

Historically, the simple ka criteria used in Figure 2 are based on numerous simplifications. They are usually based on the standard deviation a of blank value measurements The limit of decision is defined with A = 3. the limit of detection with A = 6, and as one possibility, the limit of quantitation with k= 10 [16). (The k values take into consideration the probability ot of erroneous statistical and, therefore, erroneous analytical decisions. Thus, by fixing k or a, the purpose of the particular trace-analytical procedure can be taken into account.) The basic considerations in such definitions of method limits extend back to H. Kaiser (I4J and G. Ehrlich [17], Kaiser also tried to define characteristic quantities of methods for multicomponent analysis. For reasons of space, simultaneous multicomponent analysis cannot be discussed here [ 18]. [ 19]. The previous discussion reveals how delicate results of trace analyses are in general. To achieve a re.sponsible discussion in public it should be at least reported together with... 

Rational (bio)molecular electrode design, involving nanotechnology and bioengineering, leading to sensors sensitivity, selectivity, and stability improvement Development of sensors arrays for simultaneous multicomponent analysis Miniaturization of the electrochemical sensors and analyzers with regard of their infield application... 

Simultaneous multicomponent determinations, 361 Sine waves, 33, 34, 508,956 mathematical description, 135 superposition. 137 Single-beam computerized spectrophotometers, 358 grating instruments, 357 instruments, 240, 241, 351 for atomic spectroscopy, 240 efl ect of mismatched cells, 343 for molecular absorption measurements, 351 advantages, 358 Singlet state, 216, 400-402,411 excited, 216,400,401,405 Size distributions, measuring, 951. 955, 961... 

FIGURE 34.1 NIR spectra of coUagen standards. Collagens I and III are the principal collagens of the aorta. The spectra of the four collagens are distinctive, suggesting that simultaneous multicomponent analysis of collagens is possible. 

---