Simplified template-free method

Figure 2.18 Typical (a) SEM and (b) TEM of PANI-NTs prepared by dopant-free template-free method. (Reprinted with permission from Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Formation mechanism of polyaniline nanotubes by a simplified template-free method by H. Ding,]. Shen, M. Wan andZ. Chen, 209, 8, 864-871. Copyright (2008) Wiley-VCH)...

Y. Zhu, H. He, M. Wan, and L. Jiang, Rose-hke microstmetures of polyaniline by using a simplified template-free method under a high relative humidity, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 29(21), 1705-1710(2008). 

According to this formula, for a given oxidant the resultant nanofiber diameter can be predicted. The dopant-free template-free method not only provides a quantitative way of controlling the diameter of the PANI-NFs, but also simplifies the reagents. PANI-NFs were successfully prepared by using the dopant-free template-free method through the... 

Dopant-Free Template-Free Method PANI-NTs have been prepared by the oxidative polymerization of anihne with APS in water without added acid (Figure 2.18) [199,350,380,381]. This is a facile and efficient approach to synthesize PANI-NTs because it not only omits hard templates and post-treatment template removal, but also simplifies reagents. A modification of the dopant-free template-free method of PANI-NTs synthesis... 

It was proposed that the monomer/dopant salts form micelles which then serve as the soft-template for the formation of tubular structures. For the dopant-free or simplified method in which only aniline and ammonium persulfate are mixed, the initial formation of spherical micelles was observed by freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy from which tubular structures were obtained. ... 

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