Silicates stellar sources

Laboratory studies of presolar dust grains also show that dust is formed in the mass ejected after an SN explosion, as will also be discussed in Section 2.2. Observations show that the ejected mass shells occasionally do form dust some time after the SN explosions (e.g. Bianchi Schneider 2007), but generally the efficiency of dust production seems to be rather low (Bianchi Schneider 2007 Zhukovska et al. 2008). Other important sources of stardust are red supergiants (mostly silicate dust). Most of the dust from red supergiants, however, is not expected to survive the shock wave from the subsequent SN explosion of the star (Zhukovska et al. 2008). Some dust is also formed by novae (Amari et al. 2001b), Wolf-Rayet stars (WRs, Crowther 2007), and luminous blue variables (LBVs, Voors et al. 2000), but the dust quantities formed by these are very small. Stardust - i.e. dust that is formed in stellar outflows or ejecta - in the interstellar medium is dominated by dust from AGB stars. 

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