Signaling family

De Vries L, Zheng B, Fischer T et al (2000) The regulator of G protein signaling family. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 40 235-271... 

In this chapter we describe some examples of structures of membrane-bound proteins known to high resolution, and outline how the elucidation of these structures has contributed to understanding the specific function of these proteins, as well as some general principles for the construction of membrane-bound proteins. In Chapter 13 we describe some examples of the domain organization of receptor families and their associated proteins involved in signal transduction through the membrane. 

Trends in these NMR data clearly stand out as one proceeds down the penodic table, such as for the oxygen family fluonne signals are shifted downfield and... 

AKAPs are a diverse family of about 75 scaffolding proteins. They are defined by the presence of a structurally conserved protein kinase A (PKA)-binding domain. AKAPs tether PKA and other signalling proteins to cellular compartments and thereby limit and integrate cellular signalling processes at specific sites. This compartmentalization of signalling by AKAPs contributes to the specificity of a cellular response to a given external stimulus (e.g. a particular hormone or neurotransmitter). 

Ravichandran KS (2001) Signaling via She family adapter proteins. Oncogene 20 6322-6330... 

The four mammalian ARs are members of the rhodopsin-like Class A family of GPCRs, which contain seven transmembrane helical domains ( TMs). Character istics of the four subtypes of the human ARs, length of their primary sequences, their chromosomal localization, and their signaling pathways are given in Table 1. The A2a receptor is considerably longer than the other three subtypes, due to its extended carboxy-terminal. 

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