Signal adjusted analyses

The electrochemical detector must be zeroed after each analysis just before the next sample injection. This procedure is necessary owing to the drifting baseline associated with the electrochemical detector. The detector is equipped with this baseline zero capability, and the adjustment can be activated through an external event output signal sent from an autosampler. 

The amplification of the acquired fluorescence signals should be adjusted, so that the autofluorescence signal of unlabeled cells is located within the first decade of the usually 4-decade log range. Typically, between 3,000 and 7,000 cells of interest are accumulated for each analysis. 

An analytical method has been developed that allows easy standardless semiquantitative measurements of elemental composition from single shot analysis by LA-ICP-ToFMS to identify alloys of different elemental composition.27 28 This method directly compares adjusted ion signals of... 

XPS analysis. XPS spectra were recorded on a Kratos X-SAM 800 apparatus. The signal was calibrated by adjusting the Cls signal of carbon to 284.6 eV. The Al-Ka line was used as X-ray source. For Pt analysis the 4d5/2 l ne (about 315 eV) was used instead of the 4f7/2 line as was done before10, because the 2p line of aluminum interferes with this platinum signal (about 75 eV). 

The process control scheme for the absorption column is presented in Figure 9.6. It was designed from the recommendations presented in the HAZOP analysis, the results of which are reported in Section 9.8. It features ratio control on the make-up water stream. The signals from flow transmitters on this line and on the gas input line are fed to the ratio controller, whereby the make-up water stream is adjusted. 

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