Side-chain-induced solubilization

The presence of flexible alkyl or alkoxy groups in the 3-ring position or the N center of polypyyrole renders the polymer soluble in organic solvents. The appropriate 3-alkyl substituted pyrrole monomers may be synthesized by Friedel-Crafts 

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Both chemically and electrochemically synthesized PPy s are typically insoluble in water and organic solvents, and are infusible because of strong intermolecular and intramolecular interactions of their polymer chains. There has been intense research over the past decade to overcome this serious hindrance to their proces-sibility and subsequent utilization. Several approaches have now been developed to improve the solubility of PPy s, namely (1) counterion-induced solubilization, (2) colloid formation, and (3) side-chain-induced solubilization. Each of these will be discussed in turn. 

Reactions Analytical Methods. Alkaline treatments are used in the food and feeds technology for solubilization and purification of proteins, to destroy toxic contaminants, and to obtain functional properties. These alkaline treatments induce many chemical modifications on the side chains of the amino acid residues, which have been described by many workers. 

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