Shrinking Bulk Material to a Quantum Dot

In this section, a return will be made to the concept of quantum confinement of carriers in a solid, and the concept used to derive a more detailed description of the electronic band stmcture in a low-dimensional solid. This description, although more elaborate than that just given above, is indeed more powerful and will catch the general physics of a solid when its dimensions shrink, one by one, down to a few nanometers. Initially, an elementary model of the behavior of electrons in a bulk solid will be considered, and this will then be adapted to the case of confined carriers. 

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Shrinking Bulk Material to a Quantum Dot 13 instance, the total number of electrons having wavenumbers less than a given k ax,... 

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