Shape of Vessels

Electrolytic vessels for unipolar electrodes have usually rectangular or square cross sections. These electrolyzers oan be either closed or open. This depends on whether gaseous products are to be collected or not. 

Cylindrical electrolyzers are used only exceptionally because of floor-space economy. Their application is justified only in cases where diaphragms of the required quality are available only in cylindrical form, or in cases where dif- 

Bipolar electrodes are suspended or inserted into an oblong vessel of rectangular cross section or arranged to form the so called filter press cell. The first method is used mainly for the electrolytical refining of metals where the crude 

The possibility of the free suspension of the electrodes in a vessel is of great help in metallurgical refining processes where both anodes and cathodes have to be periodically removed from the electrolytic bath and replaced. 

A different arrangement is to be used for electrolysis in which the anodic and the cathodic processes are of a different character (e. g. decomposition of water) so that the unequal potentials at both sides of the bipolar electrode do 

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Shape of vessel (ciihic or elongated vessel) Detection method for triggering a shutdown... 

Volume of vessel (free volume V) Shape of vessel (area and aspect ratio) Type of dust cloud distribution (ISO method/pneumatic-loading method) Dust explosihility characteristics Maximum explosion overpressure P ax Maximum explosion constant K ax Minimum ignition temperature MIT Type of explosion suppressant and its suppression efficiency Type of HRD suppressors number and free volume of HRD suppressors and the outlet diameter and valve opening time Suppressant charge and propelling agent pressure Fittings elbow and/or stub pipe and type of nozzle Type of explosion detector(s) dynamic or threshold pressure, UV or IR radiation, effective system activation overpressure Hardware deployment location of HRD suppressor(s) on vessel... 

Distance from center of vessel to target Shape of vessel spherical or cylindrical. 

A laboratory glass-walled mixing simulator (dimensions 0.7 m x 0.5 m x 0.02 m) was built based on the pilot-scale apparatus (Fig. 1). Three pulsating pistons were attached at the bottom of the simulator. The circulation of the particles is due to the sequence of the pulsation of the pistons. The pattern of motion using the pistons is similar to the motion achieved by vibrating processes [6]. The difference between the two processes is that any kind of motion pattern can be acquired by using the pulsating mixer independently from the shape of vessel. 

In the last twenty years, stainless steel has become popular as a material of construction of brewery vessels, especially vessels that are of relatively simple shape and constructed of cold-rolled stainless steel sheet. Copper is extremely attractive but is more expensive to purchase and maintain than stainless steel. It has a much higher thermal conductivity but for construction of vessels has to be of greater thickness than stainless steel sheet (Table 15.1). Copper sheet is more suitable however for complex shapes of vessels and can be joined by rivetting and brazing whereas stainless steel is welded. 

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