Sesamex, synergism

Support for this is found in the substantially greater octopa-minomimetic activity of DCDM compared to chlordimeform (20) and the observation that mixed function oxidase inhibitors, e.g. piperonyl butoxide and sesamex, strongly antagonized the toxicity of chlordimeform to the southern cattle tick larvae and synergized the toxicity of DCDM (21). Therefore, chlordimeform may be considered to be a propesticide of DCDM. 

In the molecule SBD, the reduction in toxicity effected by replacement of the syn-chlorine of dieldrin to give SD appears to be offset by an increase (compare BD) effected by further replacement of the vinylic chlorines, so that SBD is similar to dieldrin in toxicity In contrast, AD and ABD, which retain the syn chlorine, are poor toxicants In this series there was no appreciable synergism with the MFO inhibitor sesamex, indicating that when increased LD50s were seen, these were not the result of enhanced MFO attack consequent upon the progressive replacement of chlorine ... 

Examples of these include sesamin and sesamolin, both active principles of sesame oil, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and sesamex, both synthetic products. Although initially developed for use with pyrethrins, they have since been observed to synergize some, but not all, carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and organochlorines. In addition to the MDP compounds, another type of synergist called MGK 264 was developed to synergize the toxicity of pyrethroids and rotenone. The structure of piperonyl butoxide and MGK 264 are as follows ... 

Table 9.14 Synergism and antagonism of some phosphorothioates by sesamex against houseflies...

Alterations of the aliphatic moiety of the DDT molecule to introduce degradophores (easily degraded moieties) have produced compounds such as l l bis-( -ethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxetane (16). (I sca 26) which is synergized 50-fold by sesamex to the housefly and is readily degradable. 

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