Separation by Solid Agent

Chromatography is a method for separating the components of a feed gas or liquid mixture by passing the feed through a bed of packing. The feed may be volatilised into a carrier gas, and the bed may be a solid adsorbent (gas or liquid-solid chromatography) or a solid inert support that is coated with a very viscous liquid that acts as an absorbent (gas or liquid-liquid chromatography). Because of selective adsorption on the solid adsorbent surface or absorption into the liquid absorbent, followed 

Ion exchange resembles adsorption in that solid particles are used and regeneration is necessary. However, a chemical reaction is involved. In water softening, a typical ion-exchange application, an organic or inorganic polymer in its sodium form removes calcium ions by exchanging calcium for sodium. 

---

Figure 2 General separation techniques (a) separation by phase creation (b) separation by phase addition (MSA mass separating agent) (c) separation by barrier (d) separation by solid agent (e) separation by force field or gradient...

---