Sense amplifier

Derivative spectrometry improves the precision of analysis when compounds with very similar spectra are present in the mixture. The derivative spectral curves, in the mathematical sense, amplify the weak variations in the slopes of the initial spectrum (called the zeroth order spectrum). These derivative plots show greater variations than when in absorbance units (Fig. 11.27). 

The failure mechanism within a memory cell is either due to the inability of the programming voltage to switch the ferroelectric material because of an increase of the coercive voltage (write failure) or due to a decrease in the difference of Ps and Pns. This means the two different states of remanent polarization cannot be distinguished by the memory sense amplifier (read failure). This case is shown in Figure 3.19. 

A bank is actually a DRAM array composed of 1024 rows of 256 dualocts . A dualoct contains 16 bytes and is the smallest unit of memory that can be addressed in a RDRAM. Since neighboring banks could share a group of sense amplifiers, only 16 out of the 32 banks can be active at the same time. 

The conductor of a pacing lead is basically a wire that conducts the electrical current from the pulse generator to the stimulating electrode and the sensed cardiac signals from the electrode to the sensing amplifier of the pulse generator. 

A. Lin, A Silicon Current Sensing Amplifier and Organic Imager for an Optical... 

FIGURE 16 Readout technique for a two-dimensional CCD array. Vertical columns of charge packets are sequentially transferred to the output column, then clocked down to the charge-sensing amplifier electrode. 

Fig. 2.5 Frequency-response curve of pacemaker sense amplifier exposed to sin input signals. Signals above the curve are sensed, whereas those below are not. Another characteristic of pacemaker sensing circuits is the preference given to frequencies within the range of 20-60 Hz, a significant frequency component of cardiac lEGMs.

Fig 17.1 Signal amplitude and frequency from various sources. Modem sense amplifiers employ bell-shaped response curves that amplify signals within the 10-100 Hz range while attenuating signals below and above these frequencies. In this way signals from ventricular depolarization (R waves) and atrial depolarization (P waves) can be amplified and the effects from spurious signals, such as T waves and myopotentials, can be minimized. 

Sense amplifier sensitivity memory information may be incorrect after reading a long series of similar data bits followed by a single transition of the opposite data value. 

Sliding diagonal An pattern that checks for address decoder problems, sense amplifier faults, and sense amplifier recovery. This test is a pattern that generates a diagonal of data in a field of complement data, and slides the diagonal of data in the X direction, creating a barber pole effect. 

Implementation of special filters eliminates the interference in the bandpass region of the pacemaker s sense amplifier coming from power lines, cellular phones, microwave ovens, and other RF sources nearby. The introduction of programmable pacemakers eliminated the need for repeated surgical operations, because the operating parameters of the pacemaker could be set by external... 

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