Section E - Spectrometric techniques

The electromagnetic spectrum covers a very large range of wavelengths, frequencies and energies, and many analytical spectrometric techniques involve electromagnetic radiation. 

Energy levels in atoms are defined by quantum numbers, the atoms of each element possessing a characteristic set of discrete levels determined by its atomic and nuclear structure. 

Every molecule has several sets of discrete energy levels, which are associated with particular structural and behavioral properties of 

In a vacuum, this wave travels at a fundamental constant speed, c c, = 2.997925x10 ms  

The wavelength, X, is the distance between equivalent points on the wave train, for example, between two consecutive positive crests, or two points where the wave increases through the zero value. The wavelength has been expressed in a variety of units, but these should now all be related to the metre, as shown in Table 1. 

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