SCHOENEMANN reaction

The basis of this analysis is said to be the formation of a peroxy phosphate compound (the Schoenemann reaction [49]). Oxidation of an amine such as 3,3 -dimethoxy benzidine or indole in a colorimetric reaction, or in the present case luminol with the emission of light then follows. Lucigenin does not work in this assay although it has been claimed as useful in the analysis of the nerve gas Tabun (5) [46]. Related insecticides such as Isopestox behave similarly [46-48]. Sensitivity can be improved by addition of chloride ion [52], enhancing the light yield, or by suppression of background chemiluminescence by complexation of trace transition metals by EDTA. 

General discussions of several aspects concerning the treatment of chemical reactions with diffusion are given by Damkohler (D2), Horn and Kiichler (H12), Prager (P7), Schoenemann and Hofmann (SlO), and Trambouze (Til). Corrsin (C21) has discussed the effects of turbulence on chemical reactions from the fundamental point of view of turbulence theory. We will first discuss the application of each type of model to chemical reactors. Then a short comparison will be made between the different approaches. 

The results of Eqs. 10.2.b-7 and 10.2.b-10 have been represented by Schoenemann and Hofmann [2] in convenient diagranK Fig. 10.2b-l is the diagram for first-order reactions with constant density. The conversion for more complex kinetic forms must often be obtained numerically, by solving the algebraic Eq. 10.2.b-l with the appropriate rate function on the right-hand side. 

Plot ofxversus kV/F for first-order reactions. From Schoenemann [1952]. 

Free-radical high-pressure LDPE tubular reactors can be modelled in terms of a system of non-linear differential equations. Over the past twenty years, several modelling studies have been reported in the literature (Thies and Schoenemann I 1Agrawal and Han I 2j, Chen et al. 1 3H, Thies 1 4], Lee and Marano l5J, Donati et al. 1 6J, Goto et al. 7J, Yoon and Rhee [ S y Gupta et al. 9 ). In the present work, a detailed mathematical model is developed for an LDPE tubular reactor. The variation of the physical properties of the reaction mixture with position is accounted for. The elements of the model are the reaction mechanism, the mass, energy and momentum balances, and the moments of live and dead polymer distributions. Polyethylene is produced via the following set of elementary reactions k. 

Thies, H. and K. Schoenemann. Kinetic Description of a Complex Reaction under Locally Different Conditions by a System of Inhomogeneous Differential Equations Chemical Reaction Engineering Proceedings, 2nd International Sinnposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering, Amsterdam (1972). 

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